Femoral-Acetabular Impingement (FAI)
Overview
This condition is a deformity of the hip joint that limits the joint’s normal range of motion. It may result from an improperly-shaped socket and an improperly-shaped femur head.
Causes
FAI is typically caused by improper bone growth of the femoral head or socket.
Cam Impingement
FAI caused by an improperly-shaped femur is called a cam impingement. This occurs when the femur’s head grows into a shape that is unevenly rounded. Certain movements can cause the extra bone to catch against the edge of the socket, damaging the cartilage and labrum.
Pincer Impingement
FAI caused by an improperly-shaped socket is called pincer impingement. This occurs when extra bone grows along the socket’s rim, or when the socket is not angled properly, allowing the socket and femur to impact abnormally. In many cases, FAI is caused by a combination of cam and pincer abnormalities.
Symptoms
Symptoms can include sensations ranging from a dull ache to a sharp pain, often in the front of the hip but also in the buttocks or side of the thigh. The hip may also pop or catch. Pain may increase during physical activity, or after periods of prolonged sitting or walking.
Treatment
Treatment options can include changes in lifestyle that place less stress on the hip, medications to treat pain, or surgery.